Hardy-Weinberg principle

What is hardy-weinberg principle?

The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant generation-to-generation in the absence of evolutionary forces. Five assumptions: no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, no natural selection. Useful as a null hypothesis. Equations: p + q = 1 (allele frequencies); p² + 2pq + q² = 1 (genotype frequencies). A-Level Biology uses it to predict allele/genotype frequencies given carrier rates.